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An imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the body's ability to neutralize them with antioxidant defenses. Chronic oxidative stress damages DNA, proteins, and lipids, contributing to aging and numerous pathological conditions. Several research peptides are studied for their effects on oxidative stress markers, including glutathione-related peptides, GHK-Cu, and mitochondria-targeted peptides that may influence the cellular redox environment.